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India's key research organisations and landmark space missions — a high-yield quick reference for competitive exams.
| Organisation | Details |
|---|---|
| ISRO | Indian Space Research Organisation; founded 1969; HQ Bengaluru |
| DRDO | Defence Research & Development Organisation; founded 1958 |
| BARC | Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; nuclear research; Mumbai |
| CSIR | Council of Scientific & Industrial Research |
| ICMR | Indian Council of Medical Research |
| Mission | Year | Significance |
|---|---|---|
| Aryabhata | 1975 | India's first satellite |
| Chandrayaan-1 | 2008 | First lunar mission; confirmed water on the Moon |
| Mangalyaan (MOM) | 2013 | Mars Orbiter Mission; India's first interplanetary mission |
| Chandrayaan-2 | 2019 | Orbiter, lander & rover to the Moon |
| Chandrayaan-3 | 2023 | First soft landing near the lunar south pole |
| Aditya-L1 | 2023 | India's first solar observation mission |
| Gaganyaan | Upcoming | India's first crewed spaceflight mission |