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The six Fundamental Rights, the writs and the eleven Fundamental Duties under the Constitution of India — a high-yield quick reference for competitive exams.
| Right | Articles | Key Provisions |
|---|---|---|
| Right to Equality | 14–18 | Equality before law; no discrimination; equality of opportunity; abolition of untouchability & titles |
| Right to Freedom | 19–22 | Six freedoms (speech, assembly, association, movement, residence, profession); protection of life & personal liberty |
| Right against Exploitation | 23–24 | Prohibition of human trafficking & forced labour; ban on child labour (below 14 years) |
| Right to Freedom of Religion | 25–28 | Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice & propagation of religion |
| Cultural & Educational Rights | 29–30 | Protection of minorities' language, script & culture; right to establish educational institutions |
| Right to Constitutional Remedies | 32 | Right to move the courts (writs); called the "heart and soul" of the Constitution by Dr. Ambedkar |
| Writ | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Habeas Corpus | "To have the body" — against unlawful detention |
| Mandamus | "We command" — directs a public official to perform a duty |
| Prohibition | Prevents a lower court from exceeding its jurisdiction |
| Certiorari | Transfers a case to a higher court / quashes an order |
| Quo Warranto | "By what authority" — questions a person's claim to a public office |
Fundamental Duties were added by the 42nd Amendment (1976) on the recommendation of the Swaran Singh Committee. Originally ten, the eleventh was added by the 86th Amendment (2002).
| # | Duty — Every citizen shall |
|---|---|
| 1 | Abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals, institutions, the National Flag & the National Anthem |
| 2 | Cherish and follow the noble ideals of the freedom struggle |
| 3 | Uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity & integrity of India |
| 4 | Defend the country and render national service when called upon |
| 5 | Promote harmony & brotherhood; renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women |
| 6 | Value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture |
| 7 | Protect and improve the natural environment (forests, lakes, rivers, wildlife) |
| 8 | Develop scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry & reform |
| 9 | Safeguard public property and abjure violence |
| 10 | Strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual & collective activity |
| 11 | Provide opportunities for education to children between 6 and 14 years of age |