Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman presented the Union Budget 2026-27 on 1 February 2026, committing a record Rs 12.2 lakh crore to capital expenditure (up 9%), raising defence allocation 15% to Rs 7.85 lakh crore, and projecting a fiscal deficit of 4.3% of GDP. The Budget also announced Semiconductor Mission 2.0 and dedicated Rare Earth Corridors.